Apple export
Export to Egypt
Trade relations in the field of agriculture between the EU and Egypt are governed by the EU–Egypt Free Trade Agreement, which has been in force since June 1, 2004. However, its provisions relating to trade and related matters entered into force earlier, on January 1, 2004. In October 2008, an agreement was signed introducing further liberalization of trade in agricultural products, processed agricultural products, as well as fish and fishery products. This agreement entered into force on June 1, 2010. Under its provisions, EU exports enjoy duty-free access to the Egyptian market for nearly all agricultural products, with a few exceptions. Egyptian exports to the EU also benefit from full liberalization, with the exception of the most sensitive products (tomatoes, cucumbers, artichokes, courgettes, table grapes, garlic, strawberries, rice, sugar, and processed products with a high sugar content).
The EU is a net exporter of agricultural products to Egypt. It mainly exports wheat, fruit, and powdered milk, while imports from Egypt to the EU consist primarily of fruit and vegetables (accounting for nearly 75% of the total imports).
Several countries supply apples to Egypt, with European exporters accounting for more than half of the import value. In 2022, the value of fruit exports from Poland to Egypt amounted to €36,744,0141.
Footnotes
https://trade.ec.europa.eu/access-to-markets/en/statistics
Export to Jordan
Trade relations in the field of agriculture between the EU and Jordan are governed by the EU–Jordan Association Agreement, signed on November 24, 1997, and in force since May 1, 2002. In 2005, further amendments to the agreement were introduced (establishing additional bilateral liberalization of trade in agricultural and processed agricultural products), which have been in effect since January 1, 2006. This agreement, which is asymmetrical in nature, provides for a high level of liberalization with very few exceptions. Since 2010 (i.e., the final stage of implementing the liberalization provisions), all agricultural products originating from Jordan — except for cut flowers and virgin olive oil — can enter the EU duty-free and quota-free. As for exports from the EU to Jordan, fresh apples also benefit from this agreement, enjoying a 0% export tariff.
In 2021, Poland exported goods to Jordan with a total value of USD 104 million. The main products exported from Poland to Jordan were apples and pears, with a combined value of USD 9.9 million, accounting for nearly 10% of total exports. The second most exported product was household washing machines (USD 6.19 million), followed by cheese (USD 5.27 million)1.
Detailed information and up-to-date trade statistics on EU–Egypt and EU–Jordan relations can be found in the Special Report, available for download.
Footnotes
Export to India
Trade relations between the European Union and India in the field of agriculture have been governed since 2003 by two key agreements: the Agreement on Trade in Services and the Agreement on Investment. These agreements form the basis of economic cooperation, which has gradually evolved over the years. It is also worth mentioning the ASEAN–India Free Trade Area (AIFTA), which includes a goods trade agreement and constitutes another important element in the economic relationship between the EU and India.
In 2004, a strategic partnership was signed, based on shared values and a commitment to upholding the global order. This partnership gained further significance in 2020 with the adoption of the EU–India Roadmap to 2025, which outlined ambitious goals for future cooperation. In 2022, the Trade and Technology Council was established, marking another step toward deepening trade relations.
In 2021, the total value of goods traded between the European Union and India reached an impressive €88 billion, with trade in services amounting to €30.4 billion. As a result, the European Union became India’s third-largest trading partner, accounting for 10.8% of India’s total trade in goods. Only the United States (11.6%) and China (11.4%) ranked higher, highlighting the EU’s key role in the Indian economy.
India ranks fourth in the world in terms of apple imports, following Germany, Russia, and the United Kingdom. In 2021, the value of apple imports to India reached €319 million, with a total volume of 436 million tons. During the 2022/2023 season, apple exports from the European Union to India amounted to 81,672 tons, of which 42,242 tons came from Italy and nearly 34,259 tons from Poland.
These figures illustrate the highly developed trade relationship between the European Union and India—particularly in the agricultural sector. Mutual commitment to fostering economic cooperation brings benefits and strengthens both regions’ positions in the global market.
Export to Vietnam
Trade relations between the European Union and Vietnam in the agricultural sector have gained significant importance since February 12, 2020, when the Free Trade Agreement and the Investment Protection Agreement were signed. These key agreements came into force on August 1, 2020, bringing about revolutionary changes—namely, the near-complete elimination of tariffs between the two parties. As a result, trade between the EU and Vietnam gained new momentum.
These agreements are not merely legal formalities but practical tools that drive the economies of both regions. Their goals go beyond increasing trade—they also aim to support sustainable development and generate long-term economic benefits. As a result, Vietnam has become the EU’s second-largest trading partner in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), second only to Singapore.
Trade in goods between the EU and Vietnam reaches an impressive annual value of €47.6 billion, with the services sector contributing an additional €3.6 billion. EU exports to Vietnam are growing at a rate of 5–7% annually. It is also worth noting that EU apple exports to Vietnam in the 2022/2023 season amounted to 10,154 tons, of which over 7,000 tons came from France and nearly 2,300 tons from Poland.
This fruitful cooperation highlights the importance of strategic trade agreements in the global economy. Thanks to these agreements, both the EU and Vietnam enjoy economic growth, increased trade flows, and better market access.
1 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:25b79672-9b0c-4d7b-9eda-b864599aee2f.0006.01/DOC_2&format=PDF
2 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02002A0515(02)-20181204
3 https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/pl/article/20210408STO01627/ue-indie-wspieranie-wspolpracy-od-handlu-po-klimat
4 https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/pl/article/20210408STO01627/ue-indie-wspieranie-wspolpracy-od-handlu-po-klimat
5 https://www.trademap.org/CountrySelProductTS.aspx?nvpm=1%7c%7c%7c%7c%7c080810%7c%7c%7c6%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c2% 7c1%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1 – last available data, access March 2023
6 https://agridata.ec.europa.eu/extensions/DashboardApples/ApplesTrade.html
7 https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/pl/article/20200131STO71518/umowa-handlowa-ue-wietnam-jakie-niesie-korzysci
8 https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/pl/press-room/20200206IPR72012/parlament-zatwierdza-umowy-o-wolnym-handlu-i-ochronie-inwestycji-ue-wietnam
9 https://agridata.ec.europa.eu/extensions/DashboardApples/ApplesTrade.html