From orchard to port: how is the process of exporting apples from Europe carried out?

Transporting apples from the European Union to Egypt and Jordan typically takes between 14 and 30 days, influenced by several key factors. Notably, the distance to the port and the length of the maritime route are significant determinants; for example, transportation from Gdansk is likely to take longer compared to routes from Trieste in Italy or Copra in Slovenia. Additionally, the transport duration is affected by the capacity of the shipping routes and the options for reloading. Furthermore, the efficiency of loading operations at the port and the meticulous documentation management are critical to ensuring a smooth process. Thanks to advancements in production, storage, packaging, and transportation methods, European suppliers are well-equipped to deliver apples in exceptional condition, maintaining their freshness and distinctive flavour. The exporting process involves several essential steps to ensure the fruit arrives in good condition and complies with all relevant regulations.

Fruit harvesting vs. fruit quality

Even the most stringent regulations governing the storage and transportation of apples will be ineffective if the fruit is not produced and harvested with care. Therefore, within the European Union, only those batches and varieties of apples that meet specific standards for colour and firmness are approved for export. These characteristics are crucial for long-term transportation, as they significantly impact the fruit’s shelf life and flavour profile. Apples should be harvested at the optimal stage of ripeness, generally between September and October, which varies according to the specific variety and prevailing climatic conditions. Overripe apples are prone to damage and spoilage during transit, while underripe apples may not achieve their full flavour potential. Among the available apple varieties, some exhibit superior resistance to transportation and maintain freshness for extended periods. The ‘Golden Delicious,’ ‘Granny Smith,’ and ‘Fuji’ varieties are recognised for their excellent shelf life. Moreover, all fruit for transport must be free from diseases and pests.

Quality control

Prior to shipment, a comprehensive quality control of the apples is conducted. This procedure aims to confirm that the fruit complies with market standards and sanitary and epidemiological requirements. Furthermore, analyses may be performed to identify pesticide residues or other harmful substances. The high production standards are upheld in accordance with the national regulations of EU Member States, and these processes are overseen by the appropriate authorities to ensure that the fruit is free from pesticide contamination. Such rigorous measures are in place to guarantee that only healthy and safe fruit is delivered to consumers.

Logistics and transportation

European Union exporters prioritise the maintenance of transport conditions that minimise losses and ensure the delivery of high-quality apples when shipping to distant markets, such as Jordan or Egypt. Emphasis is placed on proper packaging and swift transportation. The logistics process commences with the preparation of essential documentation, including phytosanitary certificates and other requisite documents mandated by the importing country. Following the completion of documentation, the apples are transported to the port, where they are systematically loaded into containers and onto ships. Transportation methods may include sea, land, rail, or a combination of these options. Delivery timelines vary significantly, from a few days to several weeks, depending on the distance. Upon arrival in the destination country, the apples undergo a thorough customs clearance process, during which specialists verify the documentation and ensure adherence to import regulations. Once customs clearance is completed, the fruit is delivered to distributors, wholesalers, or retailers, ultimately reaching consumers.

European Union producers and exporters are well-equipped to supply distant markets, including Egypt and Jordan, with high-quality fruit, owing to their adherence to rigorous production standards, advanced storage and packaging technologies, and meticulously planned logistics. While there are inherent risks involved in trading perishable goods and challenges associated with intercontinental sea transport, the European Union continues to be a significant player in this market.